Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Pain is a common source of lower back and buttock discomfort. The SI joints connect the spine to the pelvis, and when these joints become inflamed or irritated, they can cause persistent pain that interferes with everyday activities.
What is Sacroiliac Joint Pain?
The sacroiliac joints are located where the sacrum (the triangular bone at the base of your spine) meets the ilium (part of your pelvis). These joints are designed to absorb shock and transfer weight between the upper body and legs.
When the SI joints become inflamed, injured, or unstable, it leads to SI joint dysfunction, often experienced as pain in the lower back, buttocks, or hips.
Causes of SI Joint Pain
Common causes include:
- Joint Inflammation (Sacroiliitis): Inflammation in the SI joint due to arthritis or autoimmune disease.
- Trauma or Injury: Falls, accidents, or repetitive strain can damage the joint.
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and added weight stress the SI joints.
- Degenerative Changes: Wear and tear over time, often related to Arthritis.
- Spinal Surgery or Fusion: Altered biomechanics can increase SI joint stress.
Signs and Symptoms
SI joint pain may feel similar to other back conditions, but common symptoms include:
- Lower Back Pain: Usually on one side, near the dimple of the low back.
- Buttock and Hip Pain: May radiate into the buttocks, hips, or thighs.
- Pain with Movement: Walking, climbing stairs, or standing for long periods can worsen symptoms.
- Stiffness: Reduced flexibility in the lower back or pelvis.
- Leg Length Discrepancy: In some cases, SI joint dysfunction can make one leg feel longer than the other.
Diagnosis of SI Joint Pain
Because SI joint pain can mimic other conditions like herniated discs or sciatica, diagnosis requires careful evaluation:
- Medical History & Physical Exam: Doctors check for pain patterns and tenderness near the joint.
- Imaging Tests (X-ray, MRI, CT): Used to rule out other causes of back pain.
- Diagnostic Injections: Numbing medication injected into the SI joint can confirm the diagnosis if pain relief follows.
Treatment Options
Treatment for SI joint pain focuses on reducing inflammation, improving stability, and restoring function.
Conservative Approaches
- Rest & Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that trigger pain.
- Physical Therapy: Strengthening core and pelvic muscles for support.
- Heat & Cold Therapy: Helps manage stiffness and inflammation.
Medications
- Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers: NSAIDs like ibuprofen or acetaminophen.
- Prescription Medications: For persistent or severe inflammation.
- Corticosteroid Injections: Reduce swelling and provide temporary pain relief.
Pain Medicine Interventions
- Image-Guided Injections: Ultrasound or fluoroscopy ensures accurate placement of medications.
- Nerve Blocks: Can temporarily reduce pain by targeting affected nerve pathways.
Surgical Options
- SI Joint Fusion: In rare, severe cases, surgery may stabilize the joint by fusing bones together.
Related Conditions
Conclusion
Sacroiliac Joint Pain can make daily movement difficult, but effective treatments are available. From conservative care and medications to targeted injections and advanced procedures, many patients experience lasting relief. Working with a pain management specialist ensures a treatment plan tailored to your specific needs and lifestyle.
